Violations Of Parole Supervision Are Technical Violations

Studies have found that many violations of parole supervision are technical violations instead of the parole reoffending. Technical violations can range from a curfew to stipulations that the parole must not drink alcohol or be in a house that contains alcohol. These technical violations, while some may consider small or insignificant violation, can cause hardships and negative outcomes for the parolee. These technical parole terms are put in place to hopefully lessen the likelihood that the parolee will reoffend. For example, the members justice system may believe that parolees are more at risk to reoffend when drunk thus they place the parolee under strict instructions to not consume any alcohol or even be in the presence of alcohol to hopefully help curb temptation to drink. The members of the justice system may also want to help the parolee stay away from the negative and deviant life they were living before prison. To accomplish this the parole board might put in the parole terms that the parolee is not allowed to associated with current or past known gang members. The technical parole term of not drinking may also be a way the parole board is trying to keep the parolee from going back to their old lifestyle of crime. When the parolee drinks they are less in control of their actions and may go back to hanging out with their old deviant friends. The parolee may also have less co ntrol of their anger and may go back to their habit of being violent. These parole termsShow MoreRelatedJuvenile Probation And Parole As The General Topic And It Will Go Into Future1194 Words   |  5 Pageson Recidivism in correctional probation and parole as the general topic and it will go into future detail for this research paper. Correctional probation and parole institutions struggle with offender recidivism. Which is why this topic will help these institutions in the criminal justice field to become aware of what methods can help reduce offender relapse. The intention of this topic is to elaborate with further information for the Probation and parole agency that will be used during an internshipRead MoreProbation And Parole And Juvenile Offenders Essay1384 Words   |  6 Pages Probation and parole were unknown concepts until the early 19th century. Just over one-hundred years old, the emphasis has moved from the offender to concern for the welfare of the community, altogether public safety. Probation and parole accommodates the offender by allowing them to reenter or remain in society, while they serve their sentences. Today, the probation and parole agencies in the United States handle millions and only sixty percent of probationers complete their obligations successfullyRead MoreEvaluation Of A Probation Supervision1737 Words   |  7 Pagesprobation supervision, is defined by the Criminal Justice Today textbook as a form of probation supervision involving frequent face-to-face contact between the probationer and the probation officer (Schmalleger 399). This type of probation has been described as the strictest form of probation for adults in the United States, and is designed to achieve control in a community setting over offenders who would otherwis e go to prison. Some states have extended intensive supervision to paroles, allowingRead MoreRehab Paper1529 Words   |  7 Pages05 2011 Rehabilitation Paper Parole happens when the release of an inmate, before the termination of the inmate’s court-imposed sentence, with a period of supervision to be successfully completed by compliance with the conditions and terms of the release agreement ordered by the Commission. The decision of the Commission to parole an inmate shall stand for an act of grace of the State and should not be considered a right. Probation is a period of supervision in the community imposed by the courtRead MoreThe Problem Of Prison Overcrowding1166 Words   |  5 PagesCourt of the United State to California to reduce the inmate population in its prisons to the amount that the prisons were designed to hold (Petersilia, 2014). They were allowed two years to do this (Petersilia, 2014). This was ordered due to the violation of the inmates’ rights which was being caused by overcrowding (Petersilia, 2014). In the article it states, â€Å"The Supreme Court found that California had violated the Eight Amendm ent ban against cruel and unusual punishment by providing constitutionallyRead MoreProblems and Challenges Facing Probation1624 Words   |  7 PagesAn Overview of the Parole System and its Problems Overcrowding in both state and federal prisons has been a major problem facing the corrections system. There have been many ways to try and stop the overcrowding, but it is still a problem to this day. Parole is just one strategy that has helped with this problem. The first actual type of parole was introduced by Alexander Maconochie in 1840. It was a primitive system and the first actual system of parole was introduced in 1846 by Sir Walter CroftonRead MoreEffective Supervision Probation : How Effective Is It?1309 Words   |  6 PagesTiffany Thomas Seminar in Criminal Justice Term Paper Due November 24, 2015 Intensive Supervision Probation: How effective is it? Due to the increase of correctional populations that continue to exceed its’ capacity, correctional alternatives were created. Correctional alternatives were to alleviate both prison crowding and the threat to public safety posed by serious offenders (Flores, Holsinger, Latessa, Lowenkamp, Makarios, 2010). Rehabilitation in the 1970s was a variable correctionalRead MoreReentry and the American Prison System1613 Words   |  6 Pagesformer prisoner to reside with them for fear they may get back into trouble.Many end up having to resort shelter or temporary housing. This can affect their ability integrate negatively. A study conducted in New York in 2002 concluded that one on parole living in shelters were seven times more likely to abscond in comparison to one with a form of housing. Like finding a house, a job is also a vital key to reintegration. Studies show that there is a strong positive correlation between successfulRead MoreShould Prison Offenders Be Prosecuted?2377 Words   |  10 Pagesnew sentence or violation of parole or probation to a Massachusetts state or county facility or to a federal facility within three years of his/her release. Re-Incarceration: Types of re-incarceration include technical violation of parole, parole violation with a new offense, return to county custody, return to state or federal custody, technical violation of probation, and probation violation with a new offense. An inmate who is re-incarcerated due to a technical violation of parole or probation isRead MoreParadigm Shift And The Evolving Corrections Environment Assignment1205 Words   |  5 Pagescommunity-corrections linkages and a policing style of parole supervision led many to be returned to prison for either a new offense or technical violation. In fact, recent estimates continue to suggest that re-incarceration due to a parole violation or new crime while under supervision account for a much larger ratio of all prison admissions, representing 40 percent in 2001 (Glaze, 2002). Despite the intense scrutiny of an offender’s parole plan (e.g., lodging, employment), the existence of an inverse

Book Review Killing Lincoln - 765 Words

Austin Smith Book Review Killing Lincoln This past month I have been reading Bill Oreillys killing Lincoln. This book shows Lincolns process of ending slavery and dealing with the civil war. The book tells the story of our president trying to do good things, while John Wilkes Booth is planning to do a really bad deed by killing Lincoln. This book shows us that Lincoln had a lot on his plate dealing with the Civil war and the criticism from the south. He was obviously not supported in the south but he did what he thought was right for this great nation and made a decision that changed America forever. The book begins by showing Lincoln in the final days of the Civil war waiting anxiously to hear results of the battles that took†¦show more content†¦I wanted him to die knowing what he did was wrong, knowing that he killed one of the greatest presidents America has ever known. Instead Booth sneaks away spending some time in Forests and slowly moving further south, if it weren’t for a couple of encounters he h ad he would have easily gotten away untouched, and who knows he may have never been brought to justice. His death to me was unsatisfying. He and his co-conspirator David Herold were found sleeping in a barn Close to Virginia. Almost 60 miles from Fords theatre. Herold surrendered and they burned the barn and shot Booth paralyzing him. He died almost three hours later. In my opinion he should have been hanged in front of all the American people, that way he knew what he did hurt this great nation more than he would ever know. This book relates to American history by showing you the perspective of both sides. The side of Lincoln who wanted to do nothing but great things for this nation and the side of John Wilkes Booth who had a terrible plot to kill a great man. While reading this book I learned how Abraham Lincolns job was far from over after the civil war, he had to convince the American people that the war was for the benefit of the country because the war was the most brutal the nation had ever seen. I would recommend this book to any student interested in American history because it shows some key events in the civil war and shows how Lincolns point of view was not what was better forShow MoreRelatedKilling Lincoln by Bill OReilly962 Words   |  4 PagesKilling Lincoln Book Review The mystery of how John Wilkes Booth pulled off the most influential and notorious assassinations in history is revealed in Killing Lincoln. The author of this book, Bill O’Reilly, built up the plot of the story through vivid historical details and pieced them together like a thriller. He tries to explain all of what happened on one of the most interesting and sad days in American history. Many conspiracies and Civil War ideals are on full display in the book. I agreeRead MoreKilling Lincoln By Bill O Reilly1558 Words   |  7 Pages In the book, Killing Lincoln, author Bill O’Reilly portrayed John Wilkes Booth as an obsessed assassin who recruited various conspirators. He described the events leading to President Lincoln’s murder and the hunt to capture Booth and his cohorts. Killing Lincoln is comprehensible to anyone as young as a middle schooler, although it would be best suited for an older reader with an interest in history and politics. Killing Lincoln could also be appealing to those intrigued by conspiracy plots andRead MoreJohn Wilkes Booth, The Killer And His Plans Essay1584 Words   |  7 PagesThe book essentially goes over Lincoln’s killer and his plans and what his thoughts were before, during and after the shooting of President Lincoln. It is a book that mainly focuses on John Wilkes Booth , the killer, and his plans and how it panned out. John Wilkes Booth was an actor and lived a wealthy life, he was someone who was considered very handsome by many and someone with fine clo thes. His tactics per se were not well planned out. John Wilkes Booth had tried to kidnap President Lincoln beforeRead MoreThe O Reilly Factor Essay2117 Words   |  9 Pagesair for over 30 years and has even won an Emmy for â€Å"The O’Reilly Factor†. Killing Lincoln is a timeline leading up to the assassination of President Lincoln on April 15, 1865. The main purpose this book was written was to show the reader the events of Lincoln’s assassination in chronological order so that the reader could get a better understanding of what actually took place when he was assassinated. Because the book was written in chronological order, it is very easy to follow along the timelineRead MoreKilling Kennedy : The End Of The Camelot1462 Words   |  6 PagesSitting in a Lincoln convertible, the Kennedys and Texas Governor John Connally and his wife waved at the astronomically immense and ebullient crowds amassed along the parade route in Dallas, Texas. As their vehicle passed the Texas School Book Depository Building at 12:30 p.m., Lee Harvey Oswald allegedly fired three shots from the sixth floor, fatally wounding 35th President John F. Kennedy and earnestly injuring Governor Connally. John Fitzgerald Kennedy was pronounced dead 30 m inutes later atRead MoreKilling Lincoln : The Shocking Assassination That Changed America Forever Essay1761 Words   |  8 PagesMartin Dugard write Killing Lincoln: The Shocking Assassination That Changed America Forever , a book about the assassination of President Abraham Lincoln and the events leading up to the assassination. The purpose of the book is to strategically break down the days and events leading up to the death of Abraham Lincoln and provoke thoughts in the minds of the readers. The authors want to uncover proven and alleged conspiracy theories. Bill O’Reilly writes a plethora of other books with Martin DugardRead MoreAnalysis Of Bill O Reilly s Killing Lincoln Essay2636 Words   |  11 PagesBill O’Reilly’s and Martin Dugard’s book Killing Lincoln delves into the events leading up to the assassination of President Abraham Lincoln and the repercussions upon the people involved, as well as a detailed analysis of the ongoing war effort s and the affects one has upon the other. While unraveling the conspiracy and its members, the reader is given compelling evidence and speculative reasoning that leads the reader to believe that the plot to assassinate Lincoln involves additional people, and couldRead MoreKilling Kennedy: The End of Camelot1606 Words   |  6 Pages Killing Kennedy: The End of Camelot The authors Dugard Reilly make the point that 8 percent of Americans actually have this belief that Lee Harvey Oswald is the man that had something to do with the death of Abraham Lincoln. However, the authors in this book want the reader to know that is considered to be one explanation for Killing Kennedy, which happens to be the current book written by authors Bill OReilly and Martin Dugard. They clearly wanted to turn a presidential murder into a humanRead MoreMy Beliefs in President John F. Kennedy946 Words   |  4 Pagesbreath of fresh air to the country. He was famous not because of what he did for America. It was because of who he was. There are many conspiracy theories concerning how the President was assassinated. This review will remain focused on the evidence provided in the book. Despite its title, the book contains events throughout Kennedy’s entire life all the way back to childhood all the way up to his death.. His parents never expected him to be involved wi th politics as they assumed that his brother RobertRead MoreThe Real Lincoln By Thomas Dilorenzo1966 Words   |  8 PagesIn Thomas DiLorenzo’s book The Real Lincoln, is about giving the people who want to know the real story about the â€Å"greatest† American President. When in fact he was not all that great of a president. People know him as the great emancipator. This is ironic because â€Å"Lincoln barely ever mentioned the issue of slavery before 1854, and, even then, he did not seem sincere† (3). This is what everybody knows Lincoln for is freeing the slaves, but it proves that he is given credit for something he did not

Ethical Issues in the Financial Services

Question: Discuss about the Ethical Issues in the Financial Services. Answer: Abstract This paper will highlights on the Ethical concerns in the financial services industry that influence everybody. The reason being even though you do not work in the financial sector and is still a consumer of the services offered. The public people has the perception that the economic service industry is extremely unethical compared to other aspects of the business. The misperception continues to be persists for several purpose, initially it the all business is significant. It usually consist of the banks, the investments companies, the firms in insurance policy, mutual fund organization as well since any business in the financial sector. Due to the extensive size, the business normally garner numerous headlines, which may tout its ethical lapses. The business continues to be regulated highly, it is consequently much more likely that the greater proportion of the bad deals might be identified as well as reported; perhaps it may be a lot more than in the much less controlled industries . You will discover ethical negligence, which can take place, and a few of the causes of these types of bad behavior why they may take place may be due to the self-interest, which sometimes can morphs into greed as well as selfishness. In the event that these could remain unchecked, the self-interest could remain at the expense of another person. The greed could become some form of accumulation fever. Another challenge could be from the fact that some individuals responsibility could wither under the demands of the client. Sometime it may happen that the push to act unethically could come from the clients. Other reasons could be from the fact that the professional duty could conflict with the demands of the company. An example of this is the faulty reward system, which could induce the unethical behavior. A purely self-interested agent could choose the course of action that contain a high return to themselves. The financial intermediaries should keep to the rules of the law, industry standards as well as the act ethically. It must be pointed out from the beginning there is need not be intrinsically unethical regarding the financial industry. The business has provided necessary services that is crucial that you cater to the better technology along with the society since preserving on the money as well as offer domestic lending. Provided the important part , which the financial industry provides , the moral hazards might be a lot more acute thereby it can be therefore reasonable that the industry might be the subject to the higher ethical standards as evaluation to the commercial enterprises ( Chalmers , 2016 ) . The issue of what the ethical standards should be precisely how we might judge them, as well as whatever they are ultimately focusing on is the central to the debate. When the facet of the regulation should be performed, there is normally a mechanism for dealing exactly what the res ult could be. By emphasizing on the end picture, the fundamental principles, which any ethical financial service industry ought to comprise, are the ethical code of conduct as well as searching for the consistent application of the positive moral conduct across the business (Crane Matten, 2016). This paper will certainly try to look at the ethical facets of the financial service business. This will be achieved through the findings that were done through the research, a discussion will highlight what the research found out and a recommendation will be made in order to improve on the ethical issues in the financial service industry. Findings Based on the study shows that the ethical issues in the services industries is becoming more important with the growth as well as globalization of the sector in the economies that are developed. Further, many of the organization have devoted their resources to the development of the management tools for the services, which are essentially in form of the advanced model for the delivery of the services as well as customer relationship developing as well as the human resource management ( Ferrell Fraedrich , 2015 ) . The studies have also revealed that with the latest incidents of the improper use , fraudulence , as well as other economical questionable deal most of the service institutions face numerous ethical challenges and problem with the potential of harmful effects for the services businesses . Based on the analysis of other scholars along with business ethicists very few have addressed on the moral issues in the financial industry mainly because there are numerous shortcoming t hat occurs in the sector. Many have highlighted the ethical theory and investigation on possibly new or perhaps the in the past disregarded ethical themes as well as issues in relation issues in the financial sector (Prez, Martnez Del Bosque, 2013). On the findings it has found, the code of ethics for the financial services industry is the public popularity by the financial services industry that is often crucial along with privileged role, which it performs in the society, as well as the acceptance by the FSI of the responsibility upon the business and people across the business. The study was conducted to understand the nature and the extent of the ethical challenges, which are faced by the financial industry. Further, to provide the guiding principles of the ethical code of conduct in the financial service industry (Cavusgil, Knight, Riesenberger, Rammal Rose, 2014). From the research, I understand on the roles as well as the responsibilities of the financial institution to be able to strive more effectively as well as efficiently against the current issues. According to the empirical research that has been undertaken in the financial institution are not interested in their own environmental situation or perhaps their clients. There were various changes as well as growing awareness in the financial sector. It was also found that many of the financial sector have bad reputation for the unethical behavior because of the aspect of ignorance and the prejudice. Many individuals have little understanding of finance. Discussion The ethical problems in the financial services industry typically influence everyone, although they cannot operate in the field you can be constantly the customer of the services (Beauchamp, Bowie Arnold, 2004). The public normally have the insight that the financial services industry is more unethical compared to other areas of the business. In a real business situation, there are numerous positions in which people behave regardless of the ethical implication. Sometime we can consider it had been ethical that could not be an ethical case in the world of the finance (Ferrell Fraedrich, 2015). Many of the institution have implemented their personal code of ethics which offers standard professional guidelines for inspiring the employees to act much more ethically and the responsible ( Ferrell Fraedrich , 2015 ) . There is certainly a thin line, which exists between ethical as well as the unethical behavior this might consequently offer the staff false notion anything that could be n ot in particular prohibited might be approved. Furthermore, to the business precise codes of ethics, the professional are bound by those ethical codes of conducts for various professionalin the service sector especially the financial institution. It is important for the organization to train their employees on these organizational code of ethics in order to enable them to be more effective as employees could think it is the global financial society standard (Ennew, Waite Waite, 2013). As the global financial market, which is more combined with many transactions on a daily basis the chances of the business as well as the professions having unethical conduct today, these acts have been on rise as comparison to the past decades where unethical acts were much less in organization. In the current business condition, there are many resulting trouble and more complex situation (Valentine, Hollingworth Schultz, 2016). The people rather than the environment usually govern the ethical behav iors more. In the event that one might establish a norm in the financial industry that it is certainly not merely unscrupulous to embark on unethical action however it is also immoral to not inform other individuals unethical action , in that case there may be more report on the violations ( Crane Matten , 2016 ) . Based upon the analysis of other scholars the following have been recognized as the code of ethics principles for the financial service industry. Among the principle was the competence .The individuals all across the financial services should develop as well as maintain on the relevant knowledge, skills as well as the behavior in order to ensure that all the activities are undertaken professionally as well as proficiently (Ennew, Waite Waite, 2013). The second principle based from the literature review on the research is that of integrity. The organization as well as the individuals all across the financial services industry should be always honest and open in all their dealings (Chalmers, 2016). They should practice ethical standards, which include accountability as well as trustworthy manner in order to prevent any act, which could damage on their reputation. The principle of fairness is another code, which is very significant. Both the individuals and the organization all across the financial service industry should always acts more responsibly and also embrace on a culture, which is fair and transparent (McGillivary Fung, 2013). This may include treating of other people whom they are in the same professional with respect and they should ensure that they are considering on the impact of the decisions and the actions (McGillivary Fung, 2013). Other codes are they should be confidentiality and objectivity where the financial organization will not allow any conflict of interest and they should always protect and keep confident information, which is provided to them. It was noted that the financial service industry to some extent are facing ethical challenges. Some of these challenges are those of the fraudsters and the untrustworthy employees. The characteristic of the ethical lapse in the financial service industry is not intentional, but rather the unintentional wrongdoing (Hudon Sandberg, 2013). The root because which makes the employees to cheat or perhaps steal is the finance itself, which is the norms as well as the values inherent in the financial practices and the way, in which these affects individuals behaviors. The society is usually interworking of individual, which is built in the pillar of trust. The trust is usually based on the molarity and the ethical behavior. For the financial service, industry ethics is essentially the key pillar, and the ladder for the success (Beauchamp, Bowie Arnold, 2004). If the organization lose the trust from the employees, who cheat or steal it would go downhill. The financial service industry shoul d keep the code of ethics to help promote their self-regulation. Recommendations and Conclusion Based on the research it has been found out that the code of ethics for the financial service industry is essentially important for the public recognition of the most critical and the privileged role, and the acceptance of the responsibility on the organization and the individuals. It can be recommended that all the financial service industry organization should adopt on the code in their entities, through implementation of their system in order to integrate their principles through the organization. Through the research, it has been found that many are lacking the principles code of ethics therefore some of their shortcoming or downfall may have been associated with the practices, which were not monitored using their system that do not adhere to the spirit of the code. The companies could use steps such as adoption, commitment and the implementation. The organization should always embed on the principles in the code in their governance, policies as well as their everyday conduct. Mo reover, it is important to have policies as well as procedures, which enhance the adherence to the guidelines of the code, and they evidently outline as well as illustrate on all the inference and repercussions on any kind of violation. This research has provided an extensive awareness on the ethical problems in the financial services industry. The ethics in the service industries has dealt with such themes as the general ethical theory and the services, professional ethics in the service industries. These types of themes have linked to the function of the service in the modern society. The research has highlighted the ethical code such as competency, integrity, fairness, objectivity and the confidentiality, which should be applied to the organization. References Beauchamp, T. L., Bowie, N. E., Arnold, D. G. (Eds.). (2004). Ethical theory and business. Cavusgil, S. T., Knight, G., Riesenberger, J. R., Rammal, H. G., Rose, E. L. (2014). International business. Pearson Australia. Chalmers, S. (2016). Ethical fairness in financial services complaint handling. International Journal of Bank Marketing, 34(4), 570-586. Crane, A., Matten, D. (2016). Business ethics: Managing corporate citizenship and sustainability in the age of globalization. Oxford University Press. Ennew, C., Waite, N., Waite, R. (2013). Financial services marketing: An international guide to principles and practice. Routledge. Ferrell, O. C., Fraedrich, J. (2015). Business ethics: Ethical decision making cases. Nelson Education. Greenbaum, S. I., Thakor, A. V., Boot, A. (Eds.). (2015). Contemporary financia intermediation. Academic Press. Henderson, S., Peirson, G., Herbohn, K., Howieson, B. (2015). Issues in financial accounting. Pearson Higher Education AU. Hudon, M., Sandberg, J. (2013). The ethical crisis in microfinance: Issues, findings, and implications. Business Ethics Quarterly, 23(04), 561-589. McGillivary, J., Fung, H. G. (2013). The Need for ethical reform in the US financial industry. International Review of Accounting, Banking Finance, 5(1), 18-46. Prez, A., Martnez, P., Del Bosque, I. R. (2013). The development of a stakeholder-based scale for measuring corporate social responsibility in the banking industry. Service Business, 7(3), 459-481. Valentine, S., Hollingworth, D., Schultz, P. (2016, January). Data-Based Ethical Decision Making, Lateral Relations, and Organizational Commitment. In Academy of Management Proceedings (Vol. 2016, No. 1, p. 11029). Academy of Management.

My Ambition in Life free essay sample

Okay here goes, as you may have noticed I’m Venus. I’m Venus Valdez , yes that’s my real name. I have a pretty simple life and I used to be a punk, everything like that. I’m just Venusilistic which means I’m just myself. I may say I’m friendly and I like helping people. I love music and books. I adore arts, fashion, photography and I can also write poetry. I want to become something important in my life. I want to become a successful writer. Writing is my favorite hobby. I never knew I’d used to love writing as much as I do, though poetry to me is not that great although they are many poems I like that will get inspired me. I love myself, like I’m so selfish and I’m proud to admit. I like to arrive the subject for many students related to this application of mine. We will write a custom essay sample on My Ambition in Life or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page STATISTICS! Like the statistical behavior, taking statistical data and compile an essay or article based on the data, formatting in order to fully understand, gathering the factual information and to create and published my works. It can be the secret of success to making money by writing a number one bestseller. I hate perfectness but I wish I could be more like that for the people I love. I know I’m not the most perfect writer. I can write as good as the next. I almost lost it, but still it encouraged me to keep going, once again, my passion for writing has overwhelmed my life. I do not regret it either. I’m thankful that my Lord gave me this ability. So pen and paper please!

European Beleif Towards Native Americans essays

European Beleif Towards Native Americans essays The belief of many Europeans towards the Native Americans was incorrect because the Native Americans were smart people. They were good hunters and had kills of many kinds of animals. They were good/excellent builders of there time and were organized. Some tribes like the Olmecs made accurate calendars. And were very good at mathematics. The Native Americans had highly developed agricultural system, had unique hieroglyphic writing, irrigations stone drain systems. Rubber ball games and made fine pottery and carved jade jewelry (mostly Olmecs). The Native American Cultures had high spiritual meaning to plants and animals. Some cultures were master architects and engineers and built/controlled a huge empire. They built complex cliff dwellings and some cultures could survive a drought. They were excellent traders and some of there trading items were wood, pottery, clothes, baskets, and turquoise. Many cultures built mounds to buried there leaders with all their wealth, and many some cultures built towns on river flood plains for excellent farming and trade. They spoke many different languages and had many different societies. Celebrated there spiritual connections through stories, dances, art, prayers, and songs. They were aggress ive fearless warriors (mostly Aztecs). Cultures started to get more developed at about 2000 B.C.E period; they started raising crops including the three sisters, and started building canals and dams for irrigation. And the people of the north, Eskimos, survived the cold weather with no farming, and no sun for weeks. They had to survived on wild life; polar bear, caribou, sea mammals. And almost all the Native American Cultures based there technology on wood. The Indians had many festivals and the Algonquin culture lived in wigwams and the Iroquois lived in the long house. The league of Iroquois was based on the great law of peace, democratic government, and women and childrens rights were included in the...

The Origins of Rice Domestication in China

The Origins of Rice Domestication in China Today, rice (Oryza species) feeds more than half the worlds population  and accounts for 20 percent of the worlds total calorie intake. Although a staple in diets worldwide, rice is central to the economy and landscape of wider East Asian, Southeast Asian, and South Asian ancient and modern civilizations. Particularly in contrast to Mediterranean cultures, which are primarily based on wheat bread, Asian cooking styles, food textural preferences, and feasting rituals are based on consumption of this vital crop. Rice grows on every continent in the world except Antartica, and has 21 different wild varieties and three distinct cultivated species: Oryza sativa japonica, domesticated in what is today central China by about 7,000 years BCE, Oryza sativa indica, domesticated/hybridized in the Indian subcontinent about 2500 BCE, and Oryza glabberima, domesticated/hybridized in west Africa between about 1500 and 800 BCE. Origin Species: Oryza rufipogonFirst Domestication: Yangtse River basin, China, O. sativa japonica, 9500-6000 years ago (bp)Paddy (Wet Rice Field) Invention: Yangtse River basin, China, 7000 bpSecond and Third Domestications: India/Indonesia, Oryza indica, 4000 bp; Africa, Oryza glaberrima, 3200 bp Earliest Evidence The oldest evidence of rice consumption identified to date is four grains of rice recovered from the Yuchanyan Cave, a rock shelter in Dao County, Hunan Province in China. Some scholars associated with the site have argued that these grains seem to represent very early forms of domestication, having characteristics of both japonica and sativa. Culturally, the Yuchanyan site is associated with the Upper Paleolithic/incipient Jomon, dated between 12,000 and 16,000 years ago. Rice phytoliths (some of which appeared to be identifiable to japonica) were identified in the sediment deposits of Diaotonghuan Cave, located near Poyang Lake in the middle Yangtse river valley radiocarbon dated about 10,000-9000 years before the present. Additional soil core testing of the lake sediments revealed rice phytoliths from rice of some sort present in the valley before 12,820 BP. However, other scholars argue that although these occurrences of rice grains in archaeological sites such as Yuchanyan and Diaotonghuan caves represent consumption and/or use as pottery temper, they do not represent evidence of domestication. Origins of Rice in China Oryza sativa japonica was derived solely from Oryza rufipogon, a poor-yielding rice native to swampy regions that required intentional manipulation of both water and salt, and some harvest experimentation. Just when and where that occurred remains somewhat controversial. There are four regions that are currently considered possible loci of domestication in China: the middle Yangtze (Pengtoushan culture, including such sites as at Bashidang); the Huai River (including the Jiahu site) of southwest Henan province; the Houli culture of Shandong province; and the lower Yangtze River Valley. Most but not all scholars point to the lower Yangtze River as the likely origin location, which at the end of the Younger Dryas (between 9650 and 5000 BCE) was the northern edge of the range for O. rufipogon. Younger Dryas climatic changes in the region included the increase of local temperatures and summer monsoon rainfall amounts, and the inundation of much of the coastal regions of China as the sea rose an estimated 200 feet (60 meters). Early evidence for the use of wild O. rufipogon has been identified at Shangshan and Jiahu, both of which contained ceramic vessels tempered with rice chaff, from contexts dated between 8000–7000 BCE. Direct dating of rice grains at two Yangtse river basin sites was reported by Chinese archaeologists led by Xinxin Zuo: Shangshan (9400 cal BP) and Hehuashan (9000 cal BP), or about 7,000 BCE. By about 5,000 BCE, domesticated japonica is found throughout the Yangtse valley, including large amounts of rice kernels at such sites as TongZian Luojiajiao (7100 BP) and Hemuda (7000 BP). By 6000–3500 BCE, rice and other Neolithic lifestyle changes were spread throughout southern China. Rice reached Southeast Asia into Vietnam and Thailand (Hoabinhian period) by 3000–2000 BCE. The domestication process was likely a very slow one, lasting between 7000 and 100 BCE. Chinse archaeologist Yongchao Ma and colleagues have identified three stages in the domestication process during which rice slowly changed eventually becoming a dominant part of local diets by about 2500 BCE. Changes from the original plant are recognized as the location of rice fields outside of perennial swamps and wetlands, and non-shattering rachis. Out of China Although scholars have come close to a consensus concerning the origins of rice in China, its subsequent spread outside of the center of domestication in the Yangtze Valley is still a matter of controversy. Scholars have generally agreed that the originally domesticated plant for all varieties of rice is  Oryza sativa japonica, domesticated from  O. rufipogon  in the lower Yangtze River Valley by hunter-gatherers approximately 9,000 to 10,000 years ago. At least 11 separate routes for the spread of rice throughout Asia, Oceania, and Africa have been suggested by scholars. At least twice, say scholars, a manipulation of  japonica  rice was required: in the Indian subcontinent about 2500 BC, and in West Africa between 1500 and 800 BCE. India and Indonesia For quite some time, scholars have been divided about the presence of rice in India and Indonesia, where it came from and when it got there. Some scholars have argued that the rice was simply  O. s. japonica, introduced straight from China; others have argued that the  O. indica  variety of rice is unrelated to japonica and was independently domesticated from  Oryza nivara. Other scholars suggest that  Oryza indica  is a hybrid between a fully domesticated  Oryza japonica  and a semi-domesticated or local wild version of  Oryza nivara. Unlike  O. japonica, O. nivara  can be exploited on a large scale without instituting cultivation or habitat change. The earliest type of rice agriculture used in the Ganges was likely dry cropping, with the plants water needs provided by monsoonal rains and seasonal flood recession. The earliest irrigated paddy rice in the Ganges is at least the end of the second millennium BC and certainly by the beginning of the Iron Age. Arrival in the Indus Valley The archaeological record suggests that  O. japonica  arrived in the  Indus Valley  at least as early as 2400–2200 BCE, and became well-established in the Ganges River region beginning around 2000 BCE. However, by at least 2500 BCE, at the site of Senuwar, some rice cultivation, presumably of dryland  O. nivara  was underway. Additional evidence for the continuing interaction of China by 2000 BCE with Northwest India and Pakistan comes from the appearance of other crop introductions from China, including peach, apricot,  broomcorn millet, and Cannabis.  Longshan  style harvest knives were made and used in the Kashmir and Swat regions after 2000 BCE. Although Thailand certainly first received domesticated rice from China–archaeological data indicates that until about 300 BCE, the dominant type was  O. japonica–contact with India about 300 BCE, led to the establishment of a rice regime that relied on wetland systems of agriculture, and using  O. indica. Wetland rice–that is to say rice grown in flooded paddies–is an invention of Chinese farmers, and so its exploitation in India is of interest. Rice Paddy Invention All species of wild rice are wetland species: however, the archaeological record implies that the original domestication of rice was to move it into a more or less dryland environment, planted along the edges of wetlands, and then flooded using natural flooding and annual rain patterns. Wet rice farming, including the creation of rice paddies, was invented in China about 5000 BCE, with the earliest evidence to date at Tianluoshan, where paddy fields have been identified and dated. Paddy rice is more labor-intensive then dryland rice, and it requires an organized and stable ownership of land parcels. But it is far more productive than dryland rice, and by creating the stability of terracing and field construction, it reduces environmental damage caused by intermittent flooding. In addition, allowing the river to flood the paddies replenishes the replacement of nutrients taken from the field by the crop. Direct evidence for intensive wet rice agriculture, including field systems, comes from two sites in the lower Yangtze (Chuodun and Caoxieshan) both of which date to 4200–3800 BCE, and one site (Chengtoushan) in the middle Yangtze at about 4500 BCE. Rice in Africa A third domestication/hybridization appears to have happened during the African Iron Age in the Niger delta region of west Africa, by which  Oryza sativa  was crossed with O. barthii to produce  O. glaberrima. The earliest ceramic impressions of rice grains date from between 1800 to 800 BCE in the side of Ganjigana, in northeast Nigeria. documented domesticated O. glaberrima has first been identified at Jenne-Jeno in Mali, dated between 300 BCE and 200 BCE. French plant geneticist Philippe Cubry and colleagues suggest that the domestication process may have been begun about 3,200 years ago when the Sahara was expanding and making the wild form of rice harder to find. Sources Cubry, Philippe, et al. The Rise and Fall of African Rice Cultivation Revealed by Analysis of 246 New Genomes. Current Biology 28.14 (2018): 2274–82.e6. Print.Luo, Wuhong, et al. Phytolith Records of Rice Agriculture During the Middle Neolithic in the Middle Reaches of . Quaternary International 426 (2016): 133–40. Print.Huai River Region, ChinaMa, Yongchao, et al. Rice Bulliform Phytoliths Reveal the Process of Rice Domestication in the Neolithic Lower Yangtze River Region. Quaternary International 426 (2016): 126–32. Print.Shillito, Lisa-Marie. Grains of Truth or Transparent Blindfolds? A Review of Current Debates in Archaeological Phytolith Analysis. Vegetation History and Archaeobotany 22.1 (2013): 71–82. Print.Wang, Muhua, et al. The Genome Sequence of African Rice (Oryza . Nature Genetics 46.9 (2014): 982–8. Print.Glaberrima) and Evidence for Independent DomesticationWin, Khin Thanda, et al. A Single Base Change Explains the Independent Origin of and Selection for the Nonshattering Gene in African Rice Domestication. New Phytologist 213.4 (2016): 1925–35. Print. Zheng, Yunfei, et al. Rice Domestication Revealed by Reduced Shattering of Archaeological Rice from the Lower Yangtze Valley. Scientific Reports 6 (2016): 28136. Print.Zuo, Xinxin, et al. Dating Rice Remains through Phytolith Carbon-14 Study Reveals Domestication at the Beginning of the Holocene. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114.25 (2017): 6486–91. Print.

The Past And The Shape Of Things Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The Past And The Shape Of Things - Essay Example Today, the United States of America has developed its own peculiar cultural and social habits that make it what it is (Strenski 11). Over the past, the US has had many immigrants from varied countries that had different social and cultural backgrounds. For this reason, the US has become a culturally and racially diverse due to this massive migration in the past. However, due to the varied combination of people from many parts of the world, the future of the US has and will be determined by the past (Eliade & Ioan 47). The paper seeks to describe and give a comparison of how the past influences the future in today’s society and culture. In his theory of the sacred time, Eliade’s implies that the power of anything has its roots in its origin and that the power of the entire world relies on cosmogony. However, Eliade claims that for any religious man, two types of time exist. One of which is the sacred time and the other is the profane time. He further stipulates that the former is experienced in the religious festivals and the latter in the normal life. He further asserts that absolute truth concerning primordial time is represented by myths in the traditional societies. According to these myths, it was during this time that the first appearance of the Sacred was experienced in which the world’s structure was established. For Eliades, all myths give a description of primordial events that have made the natural world what it is currently (Schulman 204). Also, most traditional societies have a belief that origin is an essential component in determining the power of anything. Therefore, if origin equals p ower, then it becomes the first sign of a valid and significant thing. According to Eliades, the value and reality of anything lie solely on its initial appearance.

Profit and loss account - Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Profit and loss account - - Assignment Example This ratio determines the efficiency, profitability and liquidity level of the company. Profit margin is one of the ratios that is used to determine the amount of profit a company makes over time. Both A and B there is improved performance since the profit margin is seen increase in the year 2012 (Siddiqui, 2005). These two ratios determine the liquidity position of a company. While current ratio includes inventories, acid test ratio does not. They measure the capability of a company to meet up the obligations that are falling due. A ratio of higher than one is considered good. Both A and B there is improved performance since the acid test ratio increased in 2012 while the current ratio remained unchanged. These ratios measure the ability of the company to convert stock to cash. In both A and B there is reduction in debt collection period and this implies increased efficiency since the period it takes for the debts to be cleared is reduced. This in the end shows an improvement in the year

Ethics of Autonomous Drones in the Military Essay Example for Free

Ethics of Autonomous Drones in the Military Essay She states that even the best and most trained soldiers that are in the midst of battle may not always be able to act accordingly with the battlefield rules of engagement that were stated by the Geneva Convention because of possible lashing out from normal human emotions such as anger, fear, resent, and vengefulness. The second major point Dean wants to show, by the views and studies of others, in her article is that with this possible step in our evolution of military technology we do not want to let this idea fade away. Another major point is if we do develop this technology how would we do so, and if not, would we regret not advancing in this field further many years from now. With all of this information Dean uses to present her ideas there are still major flaws such as, the majority of these ideas and beliefs are theoretical, they still have not been fully tested, there is error in all technologies, and where else would the technological advancements lead artificial intelligence. The first argument providing support for Dean’s major point comes from the research hypothesis and thoughts of a computer scientist at Georgia Institute of Technology named Ronald Arkin. Arkin is currently under contract by the United States Army to design software programs for possible battlefield and current battlefield robots. The research hypothesis of Arkin is that he believes that intelligent autonomous robots can perform much more ethically in the heat of the battlefield than humans currently can. Yet this is just a hypothesis and while there is much research done towards this hypothesis there are still no absolutely positive research information that states an autonomous robot drone can in fact perform better than any soldier on the ground or up in a plane could do. In Arkins hypothesis, he stated that these robots could be designed with no sense of self-preservation. This means that without one of the strongest fears for humans, the fear of death, these robots would be able to understand, compute, and react to situations with out outside extraneous emotions. Although the men and women designing these robot programs may be able to eliminate this psychological problem of scenario fulfillment, which will cause soldiers to retain information that is playing out easier with a bias to pre-existing ideas, it is not always the case that this happens to soldiers. You have to realize that from the second a soldier begins his training he is trained and taught to eliminate the sense of self-preservation. There are isolated incidents with soldier error, but they are and will be corrected by superior officers or their fellow soldiers. Another factor that affects Cornelia Dean’s arguments is that there are errors in all things including technology. Throughout history there have been new uses of technology in warfare but with these come problems and error flaws that have cause and can cause more casualties than needed. With the use of an Automated drone the belief by Dean is that it will be able to decide whether or not to launch an attack on a high priority target whether or not if the target is in a public are and will decide if the civilian casualties would be worth it. But what happens if that drone is only identifying the target and the number of civilians surrounding it? It will not be able to factor in what type of people would be around him such as men, women, or children and any variance of them. The error in this situation would be the drone saying the target is high enough priority and a missile is launched and the civilians were women and children around while a school bus was driving by. The casualties would then instantly out weigh the priority to eliminate a specific target and a human pilot would much easier abort a mission than a predetermined response of an autonomous robot. Although Ronald Arkin believes there are situations that could arise when there may not be time for a robotic device to relay back what is happening to a human operator and wait for how to respond in the situation that could complete a mission, it may be that second of time delay between the robot and human operator that the ethical judgment is made. Also the realization that many robots in which are operated by humans are widely used to detect mines, dispose of or collects bombs, and clear out buildings to help ensure extra safety of our soldiers is a way that robots are already used today as battlefield assistants supports Dean. But all of these machines in the field have moments of failure or error. When the machines do fail it takes a soldier who has trained for that experience to fix and then use it again. If an autonomous drone fails while on a mission it is completely by its self and no human operator to fix it. Then can arise the problem of enemies realizing they were even being monitored and they could gain access to our military technology and can eventually use it against us. Another major point that Cornelia Dean discusses upon is with this possible step in our evolution of military technology we do not want to let this idea fade away. A large part of that is if we do develop this technology how would we do so, and if not, how much would we regret or how much would it affect us for not advancing in this field further many years from now. The argument that if other countries advance upon this faster and better than the United States military we could become less of a world power and be more at risk of attack and war with greater human fatalities is not necessarily true. This situation is important in the sense of keeping up with the other world powers but I believe that the risk for reward is not worth the amount of damage and civilian casualties that could happen from any number of robotic drones and their possible errors. There is a possibility as the technology develops and robots become more and more aware to the point were, Arkin believes that, they can make decisions at a higher level of technological development. Yet if these autonomous robots truly can think for themselves and make decisions brings a whole new possibility of problems of what if the robot can decide something differently than what the developers originally had programmed. Also comes the actual use problem of can the government ethically accept that in early stages of use, even after extraneous testing, there may be accidental casualties. If a robot has any error of making decisions because of how new and un-tested they are any of the possibly terrible results would not be the responsibility of the robot but of the country and government that designed it. The supporting evidence of this article strongly shows that Cornelia Dean will hope that use of these ethically superior autonomous robots will be apart of our military in the near future before the United States fall behind to other super powers in the world. Yet with all of this information Dean uses to present her ideas there are still major flaws such as, the majority of these ideas and beliefs are theoretical, they still have not been fully tested, and that there is error in all technologies. With these major points being enforced with plenty of evidence throughout the article, and with all of the possible negative sides and errors of this argument, it is safe to say that this will be and is a controversial topic of discussion by many governments and all parties involved with this technological advancement.

Shoplifting Effects on The Community Essay -- Theft Stealing Crime ess

Shoplifting is a major problem in today. The temptation of not paying for something, just hiding it away and saving your own money is a large factor for some people. The culprit just thinks he's getting a product for free and doesn't know what he's actually doing to himself and the community. Shoplifting effects everyone, yourself and the everyone in the local neighborhood.In this essay I'm going to explain some of the circumstances of stealing from local stores, or any store. After I've been caught stealing I found out how wrong it is and how it is a disadvantage to everyone. The stores are tying to crack down on shoplifters by making the punishments as strict as possible. Shoplifting effects the community in a big way. The stores get about three cents per every dollar purchased for an item. So if you figure that they don't make a whole lot of money out of profit. Every shoplifter that takes a product also is taking the product, which costs money by the store so that is also a set back and puts them more in debt. Some stores might even close down because of shoplifters making the store go bankrupt. The stores usually raise there prices and then causes more shoplifting, but the people that don't shoplift just end up having to pay more for the product or else go somewhere else to shop. If the customer goes to a different store because of the rising prices the store will also lose business therefore could cause them to go out of business if enough customers leave.From ...

The Birth of Rock N’ Roll – a Case of Racial Conflict

THE BIRTH OF ROCK n’ ROLL – A CASE OF RACIAL CONFLICT The term rock ‘n’ roll has been traced back as far as the 1920s in black music, but it became an accepted when disc jockey Alan Freed began used it to describe the character of the rhythm and blues he played on his radio program in the mid-‘50s. The term â€Å"Rockin' and Rollin† were originally used as slang for sex, in black pop music. However, it went on to become the name for a new, salacious musical genre.Innovation in audio technology, new instruments, fresh talent, business savvy record producers, and a young population of new consumers created by post-war economic prosperity helped turn â€Å"race music† into â€Å"rock and roll†. The roots of Rock & Roll can be traced back to rhythm and blues and country rock. We must note the political context of the rock n' roll movement before delving deeper into the recesses of the genre.Black people were beginning to identify and assert themselves racially supported by a series of Supreme Court judgments in favour of integration and the Black community in general Rock n' roll became a symbol of Black empowerment to the Whites, especially to the segregationists who were accustomed to and valued a separation of the races, but were now legally forced to operate against those segregationist values. The resistance to rock n' roll music, highly enjoyed by young White kids, was a culmination of all the hostility and tension of the Civil Rights movement.There was a certain White resistance to such music in the form of The Ku Klux Klan and other White-supremacist organizations that openly preached the exaggerated consequences of listening to rock n' roll music. The term â€Å"jungle music† was used to describe the rock n' roll beat, declaring it would cause the White youth to lose their sense of humanity and dignity while mixing races. This kind of resistance to the rock n' roll movement often came to physical assaults on Black performers. There have been reports of assaults such as the one on Nat King Cole, arguably one of the most docile African American performers of the time.While performing at a Whites-only venue, a mob rushed the stage and beat him. Nat King Cole not only suffered the bruising from the White audience who ambushed him, but also a tongue lashing from Black activists who reprimanded him for not demanding integrated venues. The conflicts of rock n' roll music are direct reflections of both the institutional resistances of Whites to integration and the widespread exploitations of Blacks across the country in many industries. The post-war economic boom ushered in a new era in radio broadcasting.With greater competition, national radio networks gave way to a horde of new independent, locally based stations hosting a variety of entertainment programs. White radio producers would hide Black performers from White audiences. They would often choose a tune with potential from a Black artist, and have a White singer perform the song without the provocative dancing or emotive moaning of the original version. This proved to be a multiple win for the Whites as the Black artist would be kept away from the spotlight, the White producer was making the money, and White kids were idolizing the White singer.It is widely believed that iconic artists like Pat Boone, Elvis and Georgia Gibbs began by assisting in the exploitation of Black artists who were replaced by more-polished, White impersonators. Many observers suggest that rock n' roll would never have been so controversial had it not been for the sexual revolutions and conflicts going on throughout the mid 1900s. The rock n' roll revolution coincided with the institutional revolution of acknowledging youth sex. Rock n’ roll music often ended up portraying sex as a new, fun activity, something that normally happens when young people fall in love.The older generations were quite averse to such music and u sed many tactics to resist the trend. Magazine campaigning became very popular among the older generations; parental guides and â€Å"girl talks† were printed to show that people still valued pre-marital abstinence. The situation eventually escalated into full censorship, until disc jockeys and music hall owners refused to play Black records in general. There were petitions and requests for radio stations to not play sexually-explicit lyrics, but the response was relatively weak. The truth is that the White artists, who impersonated the Blacks, saved the movement.They cleaned up the sound and look of rock n' roll, until White parents would accept it. Parents did not want their sons and daughters listening to wild rocker Little Richard Penniman, but would let them listen to Pat Boone. Soon, White faces like Elvis Presley and Jerry Lewis were reintroducing the sexuality of rock n' roll music and launched it into mainstream legend. Black popular music—everything from jazz and blues to boogie-woogie and rhythm and blues—stood at odds to the white pop songs and artists that epitomized post-world war conservatism. By comparison, rock n’ roll was raunchy, unrestrained, rowdy, and even evolutionary. That which was categorized by the record industry as â€Å"race music† stood as a powerful cultural alternative to the tight-lipped, conformist values. Black Rock n' Roll music also reflected major social and cultural changes brought on by post war urbanization, including youthful rebellion. By contrast, white pop music had ignored or watered down these transformations. American youth, inspired by nonconformist icons like James Dean, Marlon Brando, and Natalie Wood, naturally gravitated toward the more edgy black tunes which they felt spoke of their frustrations.These young whites made black music their own by learning the dances, memorizing the slang, and copying the cool swagger of African-American boogie-woogie and rhythm and blues art ists. They claimed as their own a genre scorned by most whites born before World War II. Thus, Rock n' Roll was indeed reflective of the Civil Rights movement. It stirred up a whole generation and shows that a culture conflict usually always has a deeper context to be found.

Workplace Safety

Workplace Safety Andrew J. Burns CIS 111 Section 043 University of Kentucky Bad things happen to millions of people every single day. It could be physical, emotional, financial, psychological; sometimes permanent damage is done, sometimes the damage can be fixed. Sadly, millions of people are permanently wounded at their work yearly in the United States, and thousands of those people will die because of that incident. Imagine how your loved ones would feel if they received word that you had been killed on the job.Imagine being permanently injured from your work because someone didn’t care enough to test and make sure your position was safe, and losing your ability to hear, see, or move properly, or if one of these things happened to one of your own loved ones. You might think this is unlikely, but it happens quite regularly, and to a great number of people. As I said before, tons of people everywhere are affected by work related safety issues, and it is a big deal. Surveys are taken every year to calculate how many injuries and deaths occur in the United States due to safety problems at the workplace.The survey taken in 2011 revealed that 4609 work related fatalities occurred that year (U. S. Department of Labor). Hilda Solis, the United States Secretary of Labor, stated that â€Å"Every day in America, 13 people go to work and never come home. Every year in America, nearly 4 million people suffer a work place injury from which some may never recover. † Those are huge numbers, and should definitely not go unnoticed by the public. I witnessed first-hand the unsafe environment of working in a factory for a few months.While I was working there, there were tons of forklifts always driving around the factory at pretty fast speeds, and if you weren’t paying attention, you could easily get hit by one. They also put out a large amount of emissions. As soon as you walked into the factory, you could instantly smell their emissions, and there’s no way they were good for the lungs, especially if you have to work there year round like the regular employees. Complicated, unguarded machines were another major hazard. There were many machines at the factory making plastic and styrofoam that could easily burn you if you just barely touched it.One of the guys I worked with accidentally brushed his arm up against one of the ovens melting plastic and he was burned really badly. His skin bubbled up right after and it later left a nasty scar on his arm. Also, with the factory being in a closed space, the sound waves that the machines produced would have no efficient way of leaving the building, rendering you very vulnerable to permanent hearing loss. According to the Department of Health, â€Å"Excessive noise levels over a long period of time will gradually and painlessly permanently damage your hearing. It was for sure as loud, if not louder than heavy traffic in there. I’m convinced I lost a little of my hearing from just working there in the summer. I find myself saying â€Å"what? † a lot more to people now. Also, don’t count yourself out just because you think you work in a safe are behind a desk all day. Unnoticeable things like loud A/C units and certain emissions from various materials in the room can still cause significant health problems if exposed to them over enough time. A perfect example of this would be the infamous asbestos issue.Asbestos is a mineral that was used in making insulation, ceiling tiles, drywall, and things of that nature. Before it was banned in 1980, businesses and builders used it heavily in the materials they used (Garcia). Little did people know that fibers would break off of the asbestos and would eventually be inhaled by the people working in the building. Eventually, this would lead to be a major cause of lung cancer across the nation. Asbestos was not rigorously inspected and tested enough before it was put in use. Consider the common things we use nowadays that we think are completely harmless.These things could be messing our bodies up pretty badly without us even knowing it, only to discover decades later that is was a significant factor in putting us on our death beds. These problems given to people caused by the workplace affect everyone around them, too, not only them. You may have not been close to the injured or killed worker, but they impact the entire society as a whole. â€Å"What happens to the coal miner or construction or steel worker is very much in the public’s interest. When a worker is hurt or killed, all of us all of us end up paying part of the bill through higher product prices and increased taxes.More importantly, we lose because society fails to receive a full return on its investment in the lives of people it has schooled and prepared for work† (Kinney 46) . The entire public ends up paying the raised taxes that have resulted from inflating workers’ compensation. All of that money could be going to so many other things that could be helping our economy, but instead we are paying a large price for the lazy safety inspectors and regulation writers in the United States. People’s safety should be highly regarded, especially when they’re working for that company.It seems like a lot could be done to increase the safety of workplaces. It’s obvious that job safety regulations aren’t being enforced, and many bad accidents could be easily avoided with just a few adjustments. Despite the statistics and dangers, I did come out in one piece. However, I did witness many other people get hurt around me, and I could’ve just as easily been in their position. Something needs to be done to better protect the hard workers of the United States. References Garcia, A. III. (2009, October 15). End Date for Asbestos. Constructiondeal. com.Retrieved February 11, 2013 from http://www. constructiondeal. com/blogs/is-1980-an-appropriate- end-date-for-as bestos-use. 258. Kinney, J. A. (1991, May 21). Why should we Care about Job Safety? USA Today. Social Sciences Premium Collection. Retrieved February 11, 2013 from http://search. proquest. com/docview/214620137. OSHA. (2011). Commonly Used Statistics. US Department of Labor. Retrieved February 12, 2013 from http://www. osha. gov/oshstats/commonstats. html. US Dept. of Health. (November, 2011). Workplace Safety – Noise Pollution. US Department of Health.Retrieved February 11, 2013 from http://www. betterhealth. vic. gov. au/bhcv2/bhcarticles. nsf/pages/Workplace_safety_noise_ pollution. Annotated Bibliography Annual Statistical Supplement. (2011). Workers' Compensation Program and Legislative History. United States Social Security Administration. Retrieved February 13, 2013 from http://www. ssa. gov/policy/docs/statcomps/supplement/2011/workerscomp. html. I checked out this site to see what kind of damage had been done to our economy from workers’ compensation. It turns out that in 2009 124. million employees were claimed injured on the job and were covered by workers’ compensation. The overall wages it took to cover these workers was 5. 7 trillion dollars. Kinney, J. A. (1991, May 21). Why should we Care about Job Safety? USA Today. Social Sciences Premium Collection. Retrieved February 11, 2013 from http://search. proquest. com/docview/214620137. Even though this article was old, it still made a lot of sense with how society works and what happens when an employee is killed on the job. He goes in detail about how the economy pays greatly when an employee is lost.I thought it was interesting where he talks about how the biggest issue when losing an employee was that society fails to receive a refund. Tidwell, A. (2003, July 12). Ethics, Safety and Managers. Business and Professional Ethics Journal. Retrieved February 11, 2013 from http://www. jstor. org/stable/27801233? seq=5. Tidwell goes into depth on how to solve the problem of workplac e deaths and accidents. He created a list of simple and cost-free objectives a company could follow to greatly reduce accidents. Since money is the main concern when increasing the safety of something, these guidelines could be incredibly usefulWatson, G. W. (2005, May 2). Dimensions of Interpersonal Relationships and Safety in the Steel Industry. Journal of Business and Psychology. Retrieved February 10, 2013 from http://www. jstor. org/stable/25092904. Watson writes about how work related accidents are a growing issue with newer, more dangerous technologies. He also notes that the greatest danger to employees are the employees themselves. He says that employees aren’t being trained the way they should, and are creating a very unsafe environment for themselves and their co-workers. Widjaya, I. (November 22, 2012).Most Common Work Related Accidents. Global Legal Resources. Retrieved February 9, 2013 from http://bx. businessweek. com/workplace- safety/view? url=http%3A%2F%2Fww w. noobpreneur. com%2F2012%2F11%2F22%2Fto p-ten-work-related-accidents%2F In this article, the most common work related accidents are described. The first few are actually just accidents caused by the employees themselves, like overexertion. Then the later ones seem to be more equipment and machine related. Both can definitely be prevented by better job training and more thorough equipment inspections though.

Sociology Coursework Help

Sociology Coursework Help Sociology Coursework Help Sociology Coursework Help: Order Custom Writing If you are in need of professional sociology coursework help, you have found the right place to get assistance with writing. Our team of coursework writers is able to handle the most challenging assignments and help you with writing your coursework even if you have to submit the final draft tomorrow morning! The following sociology coursework excerpt is written by one of our experienced writers. If want to get a well-written sociology coursework free of mistakes and in full accordance to instruction points, you should try our custom writing services. We are open 24/7 and we can definitely handle any assignment, within any deadline, and on any topic! In addition, you may review free sample Much Ado About Nothing coursework and read tips on writing business studies coursework. Our paper writing blog includes numerous tips on term papers and reports, essays and dissertations, and all other types of academic assignments! Sociology Coursework Help: Read Excerpt Sociology is a field of study that is more than just a couple of college courses and text books full of abstract theories. Although many other areas of study also are applicable outside the classroom, sociology is one that truly permeates every aspect of life. It is no surprise that many people are now turning to sociology to better understand their lives, careers, and everyday interactions. Many people are realizing that sociology is more than just that required undergraduate college course that they didn't think would ever apply to their life or help advance their career. Karen Jensen explains in the book Careers in Sociology by W. Richard Stephens that I wasn't much interested in the social sciences. I saw my future in medicine, as a nurse (Karen Jensen as quoted by Stephens, 28). Karen later realized though that in order to better understand her professional surroundings and organization she needed to reconsider sociology as a possible and rewarding area of study. Karen says she found in organizational sociology a helpful understanding, or framing, of the work issues (Karen Jensen as quoted by Stephens, 28). Considering that sociology is the study of people and society, it is applicable in almost any person's life and career. Everyone can benefit from learning about sociology and understanding the social aspects of their own organization, coworkers, and, of course, themselves: People have found their way to sociology in numerable ways, which is what the book Careers in Sociology accurately illustrates. Some people reviewed in the book knew right away that their careers would come out of their love for sociology, whether it was a career doing statistical studies or doing social service work in the community. Whatever the career outcome may be, many people started with an interest in sociology in school that lead them into to a certain career. Other people, however, found sociology only after they had already advanced in a career or another area of study. For many, sociology offered something that was needed in their careers or education, whether it was statistical research methods, understanding work organization, or applying theory. Read also: MBA Essay Help Law School Admission Essay Statement of purpose essay Scholarship Application Essay College Essay Helper

Understanding Nominal Interest Rates

Understanding Nominal Interest Rates Nominal interest rates are the rates advertised for investments or loans that do not factor in the rate of inflation. The primary difference between nominal interest rates and real interest rates is, in fact, simply whether or not they factor in the rate of inflation in any given market economy. It is, therefore, possible to have a nominal interest rate of zero or even a negative number if the rate of inflation is equal to or less than the interest rate of the loan or investment; a zero nominal interest rate occurs when the  interest rate  is the same as the inflation rate - if inflation is 4% then interest rates are 4%. Economists have a variety of explanations for what causes a zero interest rate to occur, including whats known as a liquidity trap, which predictions of market stimulus fail, resulting in an economic recession because of consumers and investors hesitation to let go of liquidated capital (cash in hand). Zero Nominal Interest Rates   If you lent or borrowed for a year at a zero real interest rate, you would be exactly back where you started at the end of the year. I loan $100 to someone, I get back $104, but now what cost $100 before costs $104 now, so Im no better off. Typically nominal interest rates are positive, so people have some incentive to lend money. During a recession, however, central banks tend to lower nominal interest rates in order to spur investment in machinery, land, factories, and the like. In this scenario, if they cut interest rates too quickly, they can start to approach the level of inflation, which will  often arise when interest rates are cut since these cuts have a stimulative effect on the economy. A rush of money flowing into and out of a system could flood its gains and result in net losses for lenders when the market inevitably stabilizes. What Causes a Zero Nominal Interest Rate? According to some economists, a zero nominal interest rate can be caused by a liquidity trap: The Liquidity trap is a Keynesian idea; when expected returns from investments in securities or real plant and equipment are low, investment falls, a recession begins, and cash holdings in banks rise; people and businesses then continue to hold cash because they expect spending and investment to be low - this is a self-fulfilling trap. There is a way we can avoid the liquidity trap and, for real interest rates to be negative, even if nominal interest rates are still positive - it occurs if investors believe currency will rise in the future.​ Suppose the nominal interest rate on a bond in Norway is 4%, but inflation in that country is 6%. That sounds like a bad deal for a Norwegian investor because by buying the bond their future real purchasing power would decline. However, if an American investor and thinks the Norwegian krone is going to increase 10% over the U.S. dollar, then buying these bonds is a good deal. As you might expect this is more of a theoretic possibility that something that occurs regularly in the real world. However, it did take place in Switzerland in the late 1970s, where investors bought negative nominal interest rate bonds because of the strength of the Swiss franc.

Delve into the concept of the benefits in human development and Research Paper

Delve into the concept of the benefits in human development and leadership - Research Paper Example Therefore it is essential for all organizations to have a structured leadership and development program for the employees. The prosperity of any organization depends on how well the leadership qualities are instilled and how the skills can be developed. Research question How the development of leadership qualities among the employees is essential for the growth of the organization? Thesis Statement Incorporation of leadership training skills enhances the performance of the employees and thereby the progress of the organization. Overview This essay first makes a review of the various past researches and studies that have been conducted on this topic. Then a secondary research has been done to analyze the ways in which this development of the leadership skill is undertaken. Finally the research question has been addressed to provide an insight into the different kinds of issues that come up in the course of the study. Literature Review Various studies indicate that there are several es sential qualities that the leaders of any organization must possess. There are mainly eight of these qualities that contribute to the making of a successful leader. A leader must have the qualities of being communicative with the colleagues and the subordinates (Bartram, 2005). He must have the capability to support and cooperate with the other employees. Along with that he must have the skills of analyzing the situations and interpret them to the people concerned. A leader must have skills for organizing and carrying out the plans that he has formulated. For this a lot of creativity and enterprising ability is also required. Since an individual may not have all these qualities in the early stages of his career, a continuous development and training is necessary to groom these professionals into a successful leader. A leader cannot deliver his duties unless these qualities are inculcated into him in the right manner. If any opportunity for learning arises for the top or the middle l evel management the human resources department needs to find out the areas where the improvement of these individuals is essential. On the other hand according to some researchers it is indispensible for all organizations to run on a definite model of leadership competency (Hollenbeck, McCall and Silzer, 2006). Thus according to them a more comprehensive approach needs to be taken for pursuing effective leadership where the dimensions under various circumstances and in cases of personal behavior has to be taken. Thus under different situations leaders would take the path of different leadership styles. In most of the cases of limited communication between the top management and the junior management, the autocratic style of leadership would be adopted. On the other hand sometimes leaders prefer to be democratic or participative where the decision making power rests on the hands of the employees as much as it remains with the leader or the top officials. Thus specific continuum has b een provided for the different dimensions of leadership so that the leaders of a specific organization can be fit into a definite type. Hence a ideal leader should have a balance of all these qualities. Byrne and Rees in their study have provided and insight practical aspect of the development of leadership in any organization. They provided different

Business Models and Planning Chapter Questions Assignment

Business Models and Planning Chapter Questions - Assignment Example Typically, business models undergo significant adaptation to immediate business environments. This means that managers can employ an appropriate business model to counteract changes brought by actions of competitors and other market forces. Technically, business models strive towards maximizing profits by optimizing interrelatedness of production inputs. Practically, outcomes of adopting a given business model remains uncertain. Some model innovations may yield successful outcomes while others may lead to failure. Based on chapter 4 on business model innovation, it is undeniable that companies use different approaches in trying to increase profitability. Despite the immense competitive pressure exerted by active model innovations, most changes in those models are still radical as opposed to being specific2. In many cases, a firm may adopt a correct model but lacks technical framework of articulating the model’s principles into its marketing lines. One definite relation between model innovation and profitability features in the aspect of value proposition. Value proposition becomes instrumental whenever product and service firms understand essential behaviors of consumers in potential markets. All model innovation processes adopts the notion that value proposition plays a significant role in influencing consumers’ purchase decisions3. Inclusion of a concise and appealing proposition statement will not only attracts customers’ attention but also convince a new consumer into purchasing a product or service. In order to appreciate the importance of value proposition in marketing, one should acknowledge the influence exerted by service-profit chain. This chain establishes the relationship between customer satisfaction and profitability. Supposedly, model innovation aims at enhancing corporate profitability by addressing the needs of stakeholders, which in this context comprise

Rhetorical visual analysis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Rhetorical visual analysis - Assignment Example The distinction seems to be a product applied in the bleeding eye. According to the beliefs we uphold, bleeding is associated with pain hence in the on start the message that appears in the mind is that this person must be suffering. To make matters worse, the bleeding part is one of the most sensitive parts of the body, the eye. We all are very careful what we expose our eyes to. Therefore, it appears that the lady in the advertisement was reckless in applying the product to the eye culminating in the bleeding. To demonstrate that the eye is bleeding there appears the contrast of the colors. The product applied is brownish while the bleeding is reddish. This blood is evidence that there is pain involved. The advert reveals the major consumers of the products in question. A female has been used by the advertisement to show that they are the major consumers of the product. The question that arises from is what if it were the consumer having the product tested on them. In addition, the use of a human subject arouses sympathy and pity. Hence, the message is relayed efficiently. The consumers of the product is also revealed by the predictable age group of the lady in question, she seems a vibrant and young professional who has the capacity to purchase the product she applies. The advertisement sends the message that the Americans are not only concerned about human rights but also animal rights. It also depicts that, America being a power to reckon with in research is concerned about the welfare of animals by regulating how animal subjects are used. Being a pacesetter in research such a move has influence worldwide. The advertisement has some sense of reality. This is because some scientists have been reckless in the use of animal models. It is important that as the humans try on modifying and developing products should weigh the impact of the products on the animals they use. The advert raises a lot of curiosity that leads to

Variations of Squat Techniques

Variations of Squat Techniques The Ultimate Exercise The smell of sweat, rubber and rust swirl through the air as an athlete prepares to step under a squat bar loaded with the next weight he is about to move. As the athlete steps under the bar, he thinks about his position and form. Then removes the weight and using proper technique, moves the weight for multiple repetitions before returning the weight back to the rack. The squat is a movement that is extremely useful for people of all ages or gender. This is because it is a natural movement that is found in everyday life. It also has other health benefits that can help improve things like joint pain, muscle mass and tone, as well as cardio vascular health. With proper technique and form, the squat can improve multiple aspects of life. There are many different styles of squatting. Although at the core of it they all are the same motion, each squatting style has its own benefits compared to the others. Some different examples of squat styles include the style most people think of when they think of squatting. This is back squat. There is also front squat and overhead squat. Within each of these styles there are also different variations to these motions to create improvements in different aspects of life. The back squat is the most recognizable form of the squat. This style in itself has many benefits, but to unlock these benefits you must make sure that you have the proper form and technique. This is imperative for your health and safety. According to Dariusz Czaprowski, Ryszard Biernat, and Agnieszka Kà ªdra in their article â€Å"SQUAT – RULES OF PERFORMING AND MOST COMMON MISTAKES Squat – methodology of teaching,† they break down learning the squat into three stages Stage one talks about reshaping the body so that the movement starts with a â€Å"hip hinge (Czaprowski 4).† Czaprowski also states that when people begin their attempt at a squat, they usually begin with bending their knees. This causes â€Å"shearing and compression forces† on the knee. This is why the hip hinge should be the first action when completing the squat. (3) The motion of the squat is the next important stage. This motion is best described in â€Å"Back Squat Exercise: A Primer† by John M. Cissik. He breaks done the motion of the squat into three different phases. These phases are broken down into â€Å"Start, Descend, and Ascend† (Cissik 29). Cissik starts talking about the Start position by saying, At the beginning of the back squat, the barbell is positioned on the squat rack. The athlete should step underneath the bar so that it rests on the back of his/her shoulders. The bar should be positioned where it is comfortable or the athlete. The athlete should stand up and step out of the squat rack. The feet should be even and between hip width and shoulder width apart with the weight on the athlete’s heels. The athlete should look straight ahead or slightly up. Before beginning the descent, the athlete should inflate the chest and pull the shoulders back, this action tightens the muscles along the spine helping to protect the lumbar vertebrae. (29) By performing the steps given here by Cissik, the athlete will have a very safe starting position. One the athlete is in the start position, Cissik then explains step by step the safe way of descending with the weight. This is very important because improper form, as stated before, can take away from the benefits of the exercise as well as increase the possibility for injury. The second phase is the descend. This phase is described by Cissik by saying, From the start position, the athlete descends by pushing the hips back and unlocking the knees. As this is done, the weight remains on the heels. The athlete should squat down until the thighs are parallel to the floor, unless there is an injury that would modify this. As the athlete is descending, the chest needs to remain inflated with the shoulders pulled back. (29) At the bottom of the descend phase immediately starts the third and final stage of the squat the Ascend (Cissik 29). At this point in the squat the athlete is at their lowest point. The article then explains how to perform the Ascend phase: Once the athlete has reached the bottom position, the athlete should reverse directions and stand up. As this is done, the hips and shoulders need to rise up at the same speed to prevent the athlete from toppling forward. The athlete needs to remember to keep the chest inflated and the shoulders back throughout the ascent. (Cissik 29) After the completion of the Ascend phase the athlete has then completed the entire squat. With an understanding of the form and motion of the back squat, why would someone want to add this into their workout program? There are multitudes of benefits that are cited in multiple articles and journals including increased mobility, strength, functional strength, as well as many other benefits to be described later in this paper. The main benefits that many people, men and women, should be interested in are that the squat increases functional strength as well as an increase in flexibility and strength. These will benefit not only in moving weight at a weight room, but also in doing daily activities. The squat motion is an extremely primal motion that has been used since human beings have been on the earth. They have used this motion to hunt food, gather food items such as berries and vegetables, and move obstacles. This is why when an athlete does a squat they not only work their lower body, but they also are working the nervous system (Vales). The squat is also found throughout our day. The functionality of this movement allows us to do things like lift heavy objects and jump to reach an object. The squat also aids in creating proper posture (Cohen). Although men are normally viewed as the type of athlete that would perform a squat, there are also many benefits for women. These include (but are not limited to) aiding in conception and the birthing process, weight loss, muscle toning, and improve balance (Daniel). Squatting in the later weeks of pregnancy helps in the birthing process by opening the pelvic area. This creates a shorter delivery time. It also creases a safer environment for a woman and her baby. Squatting increases balance and leg strength. Gains in these areas decrease the risk of falls protecting both the woman and child (Martinez). Some of the main benefits of a squat come for an athlete or someone trying to become fit. The squat not only helps with the functionality of daily live but also helps with muscle growth, increases testosterone production, increases speed as well as vertical jump, and tones abs and muscles (Vale). Other than the well-known back squat there many other variations of squatting you can incorporate into a workout to activate different muscle groups for specified training. The main squat variations other than your typical back squat include the Front Squat, Over-Head Squat, Zercher Squats, Anderson Squats, Bulgarian Split Squats, and One-Legged Squats. Each of these squats use the same general motion, but all have different techniques to improve your specific areas of fitness (Smith). The first variation most typically used after the Back Squat is the Front squat. This style of squatting consists of holding a barbell across the shoulders on the front side of the body. Placing the bar here trains the quadriceps, core, and the upper back more by putting a greater emphasis on these areas. This squat is also much easier to perform correctly due to the position of the center of gravity. By including this lift into a workout regimen, athletes will gain greater strength in the core and upper back as well as increase balanced leg strength (Smith). The front squat is also a better alternative for people struggling with some back problems. This is because the Front Squat decreases spinal compression as well as spinal flexion and Torque (Behar). The author, Jeff Behar, explains in his article â€Å"7 Benefits of Front Squats† by explaining â€Å"The difficulty of the exercise [The Front Squat] results in less weight being able to be used. Less weight on the bar, equals less spinal compression.† He also tells readers that â€Å"By carrying the bar in the front, you reduce spinal flexion. This makes the Front Squats a safer leg exercise for your back† (Behar). After the Front squat in popularity is the Over Head Squat. This movement helps increase balance, mobility and muscular control by holding a barbell over the head. Also, this variation of the squat helps perfect the Snatch lift. Smith explains this by saying â€Å"The overhead squat strengthens the midpoint of the barbell snatch and is essential to mastering that particular lift.† This lift also emphasizes hip mobility more than any other variation of the squat (Smith). Another squat style that can help you in other aspects of lifting exercises is the Zercher Squat (Smith). In the article, Smith explains the motion of the squat by saying â€Å"With your elbows bent at your side, place the barbell in the crook of your bent elbows. Squat until your elbows go between your knees or the bar touches your thighs. Thats one advantage of the Zercher: It tells you when you reach depth.† This movement is accepted by many lifters that do deadlift due to the similar base of a deadlift movement (Smith). After performing many of these styles, athletes may notice that they â€Å"Bounce† at the bottom of the movement. The Anderson Squat was designed to take away this bounce and create a more honest lift from the bottom of the squat. This lift also helps with control at the bottom of the squat movement. This will help with your other squat movements (Smith). The motion is explained by the author when he says Simply place the barbell on the safety pins in a rack at a height that would be at or near the bottom position of your squat. Be sure to pause between reps with the bar on the safety pins. This will ensure you dont cave to the temptation to bounce for assistance. (Smith) All of the variations of the squat motion talked about so far have required the use of both legs activating at the same time. The last two are different in the fact that you use one leg at a time. The One-Legged squat and Bulgarian Squat both require balance and strength to be performed, but when mastered they both train balance (Smith). This is because your body is more stable when you stand on two legs. The Bulgarian Split is performed similarly to the back squat with position of the barbell. The difference comes when you place one foot behind you. The squat motion is explained by Smith in his article by saying â€Å"Place one foot a few feet behind you on a bench or raised platform. Keeping an upright torso, begin by pushing your hips back, like in a back squat. Allow your back leg to bend at the knee.† This squat uses unilateral movement to correct imbalances between the right and left side of the body. This style of squat can also be done using a Front Squat bar position (Smith). The final squat variation is the One-Legged Squat. This is described by Smith as â€Å"The ultimate test of unilateral strength like the one-armed push-up or pull-up.† This is because the athlete is squatting their bodyweight on a single leg. This variation is very useful in developing balance. Once this motion is mastered, the athlete can then perform the movement while holding light weights (Smith). Although there are many forms and variations to the squat, they all are the same basic motion at its core. This is why the squat is essential to any fitness program. With so many benefits, the squat is so essential to the holistic health and fitness of any athlete at any fitness level. Works Cited Behar, Jeff. 7 Benefits of Front Squats.MuscleMagFitness.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 July 2014. http://www.musclemagfitness.com/fitness-and-exercises/weight-lifting/7-benefits-of-front-squats.html. Cissik, John M. Back Squat Exercise: A Primer.Modern Athlete and Coach(2011): 29-31.UF OneSearch. Web. 25 July 2014. http://metis.findlay.edu:2113/eds/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=da7d75bd-90ab-4944-a0c0-7d198225b8c0%40sessionmgr110vid=2hid=115. Cohen, Ron. A New Persective on Squats, Lunges, and Living Life.Contemplative Fitness. N.p., 6 Mar. 2010. Web. 25 July 2014. http://contemplativefitness.me/2010/03/06/a-new-persective-on-squats-lunges-and-living-life/. CZAPROWSKI, DARIUSZ, RYSZARD BIERNAT, and AGNIESZKA KÊDRA. SQUAT – RULES OF PERFORMING AND MOST COMMON MISTAKES Squat – methodology of teaching.Polish Journal of Sport Tourism19 (2012): 3-7. Web. 23 July 2014. http://metis.findlay.edu:2113/eds/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=95bf5c29-9499-438b-88cb-6403cb194804%40sessionmgr115vid=2hid=115. Daniel, Harri. Benefits of Squats for Women.BenefitOf.com. N.p., 8 June 2011. Web. 25 July 2014. http://benefitof.net/benefits-of-squats-for-women/. Martinez, Eliza. Squats Exercise for Pregnant Women.The Nest. Demand Media, n.d. Web. 25 July 2014. http://woman.thenest.com/squats-exercise-pregnant-women-1072.html. Smith, Christopher. Meet The Squats: 7 Squat Variations You Should Be Doing.BodyBuilding.com. N.p., 10 July 2013. Web. 25 July 2014. http://www.bodybuilding.com/fun/meet-the-squats-7-squat-variations-you-should-be-doing.html. Vales, John. The 15 Benefits of Squats.Outlaw Fitness. N.p., 2014. Web. 25 July 2014. http://www.outlawfitnesshq.com/the-15-benefits-of-squats/.